Pap Smears 101
What is a pap smear?
A pap smear is a screening test for cervical cancer (cancer of the cervix). It involves collecting a few cells from the cervix. A pelvic exam is required to perform a pap smear, but you can have a pelvic exam without having a pap smear. Often, a test for HPV, human papilloma virus, will also be performed. The pap smear helps us determine if you are at high risk or low risk of developing cervical cancer.
When should I start getting pap smears?
The current recommendation is for pap smears start at age 21.
How often do I need a pap smear?
It depends.
If your pap smears are normal, it is recommended every 3 years in your 20s. Once you turn 30, the pap smear should be completed in addition to an HPV test. If both tests are normal, testing can space out to every 5 years.
The medical term for a normal pap smear is “negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy.”
For people with prior abnormal pap smears or +HPV testing, the interval may be different. The recommendation changes based on your own personal history. That is why it is important for you to keep track of your pap smear and HPV results, especially if you have moved and had testing performed at different locations. Typical intervals for testing include every 1, 3 or 5 years.
What is HPV?
HPV stands for human papilloma virus. The vast majority of cervical cancers are caused by HPV, which is why it’s often tested with the pap smear. HPV can also cause genital warts. HPV is very common - approximately 85% of people will get HPV at some point in their lifetime. Most people with HPV do not experience symptoms, and often the virus will be cleared in between testing intervals.
How can I prevent HPV?
The best thing you can do is to receive Gardasil, the HPV vaccine. It is approved for age 9 - 45. Condom use during sexual activity can also prevent HPV.
What should I do if my pap smear is abnormal?
Your doctor should inform you of the recommended follow up. Sometimes, the test should be repeated in 1 year. Sometimes, a procedure called colposcopy is the best next step.
